AUTOMATIC SEED SOWING MACHINE

 

Automatic Seeding machine using Arduino, Dc motor, Sensors and Battery

According to name suggest the it is work mainly on the seed sowing principle of distance. According to past or we say that our historical method we sowing the seed at particular distance and perfect depth base on the types of the crop.

Here we consider the size of seed > 4 mm. As a requirement of the farmer it can sowing seed at particular distance and depth which should be predefine.

Base on this L393 circuit sense the distance of the vehicle travel in the frame. Machine only run while distance of the seed in the seed tank < 3%. If distance < 70% then buzzer will be buzzing and <90% then machine will stop. While the machine reached at dropping distance of seed at a time servo motor will run and drop single seed. We know the L * B of the farm, so it will turn while reach the particular length of the frame, it will turn left or right as requirement of the farmer. While machine reach at the 97% length machine will not get the supply with the help of the solid state relay, so it will stop at the 100% distance. All the value will show in display

Following Types of components are there;

1.      Battery 12V, 12Ah

2.      Arduino Uno R3

3.      DC motor

4.      DC Servo motor

5.      Stepper motors

6.      Motor Control Circuit

                               I.            Cytron 10 A Switch Control Potentiometer DC Motor Driver MD10POT

                            II.            L298N dual H-bridge DC motor driver chip

7.      Relay

8.      Sensor

                               I.            Ultrasonic Sensor

                            II.            Correlation Photoelectric Infrared Count Sensor Module

9.      Crusher

10.  Arduino mega

11. Frame

12. Buzzer

13. ESP8266 WIFI Module

14. Keypad 4*4

Predefine value:

1 Length of the farm

2 Storage tank full of seeds

3 Adjust seed sowing mechanism

4 Set the length of farm

Working:

            As we know that the machine will work on automatic principal, in which the length and width of the farm and seed dropping distance already predefine. Main DC motor interface with citron 10A MD-10 POT circuit for better operation.  Cytron circuit includes 1) Rotary encoder and 2)direction switch and 3)PWM/DIR input, but here we use only rotary encoder(potentiometer) and PWM/DIR input. First, we set the speed of the dc motor(machine) using a rotary encoder (potentiometer) with the help of the cryton 10- MD motor control circuit. Cytron get supply through relay for safety purpose.

Arduino connects to the battery through the relay as shown in figure no 2.14. +12 volt from the battery to the Arduino at pin no 22(PA0/AD0). As per predefined length, dc motor gets supply from battery through cytron MD-10 circuit as shown in fig 2.14. When motor start vehicle moves ahead with the help of a chain mechanism. Correlation photoelectric infrared count sensor module (lm393) mounted with a chain mechanism for counting pulse. LM393 use for counting pulse by chain duct. LM393 pulse use for an estimate of distance cover by vehicle, whole calculation, and estimation is explained in chapter-4, topic-3. LM393 connect at pin no 11 (PB5/OC1A/PCINT5) and get supply from the battery.

When the motor starts then the LM393 infrared sensor starts counting, start as well as the digging process done with the help of the blade. Which has a two-part 1) fixed part: it is support for the other blade (variable blade) 2) variable part: it changes based on at which depth we want sowing a seed. Another bled is placed at the rear side of the machine; it covers the seed with help of soil which digging at the front bled.

            As well as lm393 infrared sensor senses the distance of the machine; while the machine will be reached at a predefined distance of the seed sowing, at a time servo motor drop the single seed in the soil. Programing execute in between (Programming line 57 to 74). The whole seed dropping mechanism simply works with the help of a servo motor. Servo motor has three terminals signal, +5v, and gnd. The signal terminal which is indicated as the orange wire is directly connected to the Arduino pin no 9 (PH6/OC2B). +5v connect to the battery and GND connects with the same GND of the ultrasonic sensor. Here no need for a motor driver circuit for servo motor. Servo motor operates when pulse gives it to its control circuit, that's why we apply a pulse to the servo motor with the help of Arduino. The whole operation of servo motor controlled by Arduino programming executes between (Programming line 57 to 74). One major point here consider is the operation of both servo motor and dc motor is parallel.

The above procedure will be done until the length of the machine will not reach the predefined length as shown in the farm figure as shown in fig 2.28. For turning the machine we use here NEMA 17 stepper motor as shown in fig 2.5. Gear mechanism mounted on the haft of stepper motor through the bearing shaft attached to the body of the machine. Gear connects to the shaft at perpendicular and turning of vehicle gear mechanism is very useful. For better operation, we use the H bridge L298N motor driver circuit as shown in fig 2.10. For the exact operation of the stepper motor instead of directly connect to the battery, we connect via the L298N motor driver circuit. L298N includes 1) motor terminals pin (out1, out2, out3, out4), 2)supply pin(+12v and GND), and for Arduino controlling pin (L1,L2,L3,L4) and two jumpers. NEMA 17 stepper motor connect to the pin OUT1-4. +12 v give from the battery, but most importantly interfacing with Arduino we connect L1 to the Arduino pin no 4 (PG5/OCOB), L2 connects to the pin no 5 (PE3/OC3A/AIN1), L3 connects to the pin no 6 (PH3/OC4A) and L4 connect to the pin no 7 (PH4/OC4B) of Arduino.  LM393 Pulse count and with the help of conversion ration we find out the length traveled by vehicle Length travel by vehicle is equal to the length ratio × Number of pulse. When the total length of the machine equal to the (predefine value we insert).

            While machine reach at the predefined length, (maximum distance traveled by machine count via conversion ratio×LM393 infrared sensors' pulse). Arduino gives PWM signal to the L298N circuit and the stepper mot begins to rotate at predefine value. Stepper will turn at 180 degrees with the help of the L298N H bridge circuit. Whole operation executed with the help of Arduino programming (Programming line 76 to 96).

Whole operation's value has been seen in display LCD2004 Parallel LCD Display with IIC/I2C interface as shown in fig no 2.19, and IIC/I2C Serial Interface Adapter Module as shown in fig 2.20. IIC/I2C Serial Interface Adapter Module use for reducing the number of pin of LCD.  Display has for pins (3RX, 4RX, VCC, GND). Here supply gives to the VCC and GND, 3RxX connect to the Arduino pin no 0 (PE0/RXDO/PC/NT8) and 4RX connect to the Arduino pin no 1 (PE1/TXDO/PDO). LCD2004 display show digital value for of operation.

During this procedure seed tank level is monitor by the ultrasonic sensor, in this seed level is 70% less then it will turn on the buzzer and while the seed tank level is 90% less than its initial level machine will be stopped. Programming execute at (Programming line 98 to 120). All of this procedure is done until the machine reached the final distance.  If the tank is empty at the starting of the machine it will not run the machine. Programming execute between (Programming line 37 to 57)